The purpose in this article is to review and preserve cultural, national, and ethnic identities as well as promoting the enrichment of language and culture of the country by seeking in the area of knowledge and analyses of dialects and accents. After expressing the introduction, related literature, and some general information about Rajy accent and Targhy dialect (common in Targhrood town, the suburb of Natanz, Esfahan, Iran), we have randomly chosen six different verbs including: simple, compound, prefix verb phrases, passive, intransitive, transitive and linking verbs. Then, we stated them in the following tense forms: simple present and past, past continuous, present and past perfect, implicit present and past, and present and past progressive tenses, and at last we showed their imperative (singular and plural second-person) and infinitive forms, and on this basis the researcher considered and classified the most important inflectional characteristics related to tense category. Finally, we have concluded that, in general, structural varieties and different changes in past verbs are more than those in present and imperative forms, moreover the movements and changes in those elements of verbs occurred more than the other ones in Targhy accent of Rä, jy dialect. The most important verb inflectional characteristics in this accent can be found in these areas: features related to the uses of verb identifiers, verb roots, prefixes, infinitives, auxiliaries, special tense characteristics, and semantic features, special structural features of the verbs in this accent, specific phonetic characteristics, and the use of verbs belonging to ancient Dary Persian.

In this research, letters have been considered as a remarkable subject in Targhy Accent of Rajy Dialect, concentrating on Targhy special cases, and thus, numerous sentences have been selected in a completely random manner from the speeches of Targhrood (Natanz-Isfahan) speakers, and their letters have been analyzed. firstly, some prefaces have been stated and secondly, the researcher has presented the background of Rajy and Targhy. Then, the main subject has been discussed and some Targhy special prepositions have been introduced and explained. Afterwards, situation of letters, structure and omission have been considered in Targhy sentences and finally, it led to the conclusion of presented information. The research achievements are: using some simple and compound prepositions considerable because of their situation, structure, application, and specialities in Targhy sentences, and their entrance in Targhy speakers' speech,categorizing prepositions used in Targhy sentences, based on their situation in sentences (according to complement) to frontal and latter, anterior and posterior, and mutual (separable by complement),remarkable similarity of Targhy and Farsi conjuctions, based on their type and application, and the vagueness of their situation in some sentences,categorizing letters used in Targhy sentences structurally to simple and compound (separable/ inseparable),noticeable frequency and variety of letters omission in Targhy sentences versus Farsi ones, and transferring this process to Farsi of Targhy speakers’,speech,omission of the object sign ‘, rä, ’,in all of Targhy sentences,high-frequency omission of all or some parts of prepositions,remarkable similarity of conjuctions omission pattern between Targhy and Farsi sentences.

1. INTRODUCTION Ergative construction (EC) as a subtle characteristic of Iranian languages and dialects has massively fostered a large body of research in the literature over previous decades. In this regard, the current study focuses on the morphotactics of the verb construction and the manner through which ergative alignment is formed in Targhy accent of Rajy dialect of which description and explanation of language behavior in the area in question have been entirely overlooked from distributed morphology (DM) viewpoint. Generally speaking, EC, according to Karimi’, s (2012a) generalization, in all Iranian and dialects can be classified into two categories. In the first group including North Kurdish and Baluchi, there is an agreement relation between the direct object and the T head represented by a verbal agreement (VA) at the end of the verb. In his proposal, in the EC of the second class including Central Kurdish and Larestani, which based on the current article, Traghy is of their pattern as well, however, there is no agreement in that oblique pronominal clitics (PCLs), which enter as a big DP form in the syntactic derivation, function as interveners, blocking any conceivable agreement between T head and a direct object altogether. Plus, there exists a complementary distribution between Vas and oblique PCLs, Karimi (ibid) says. He asserts, without any agreement relation with T, oblique PCLs just double φ,-features of the subject, and the PCLs function as a repair strategy in response to the loss of oblique (here ERG) case marker, whereas EC still exists dynamically. Nonetheless, this article, based on both empirical and theoretical evidence, argues that contra to Karimi’, s (2012a) generalization it seems fair to suggest at least in EC of Targhy, which in turn bears the pattern of the second category, there is a genuinely fullfledged agreement in place, while agreement exponents, be it VAs or agreement clitics (ACLs) have no complementary distribution with their oblique PCL counterparts whatsoever. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS To meet the above-mentioned challenges, this study whose materials have been collected through the field and library methods considers two fundamental questions: i) How to analyze the morphotactics of agreement exponents in Targhy? ii) How to explain the ergative pattern in Targhy from both agreement and case system? To address the questions, utilizing DM framework, and three syntactic arguments in favor of this article’, s hypotheses, the analyses could be as follows: With regard to the agreement system, having considered some theoretical instructions associated with the last versions of DM, following Arregi and Nevins’, s (2012) view, we took multiple agreements to be responsible for creating the ergative pattern in Targhy. By multiple agreements, the head of the tense phrase (T) can enter into agreement with more than one goal simultaneously which in our case constitutes both subject and direct object. Owing to the relation between T head and object, ergative alignment is fed and the direct outcome of this computation is that the ergative pattern tends to emerge. This pattern, however, fails to completely arise because the second step of agreement, namely agree-copy, is not computed in the post-syntax. Instead, just two characteristics of the ergative pattern are represented in terms of determining the default 3rd singular person on the verb as morphosyntactic features (not as a vocabulary item inserted) and cliticization (not choosing hosts) both of which are computed within syntax adequately. On top of that, the clitic formed in this way is syncretized with its oblique PCL to apply the ergative pattern in the case system. It is to be noted that we follow Karimi’, s constructive speculation (2012b) about the function of oblique PCL in the case system. It means we accept that there would exist some exponent around to respond to the loss of oblique case markers as a repair strategy,however, as opposed to his hypothesis, we assert that this exponent is ACL. The ACL per se is formed as a result of syncretism with its oblique PCL counterpart in virtue of which it aims to represent ERG-ABS in choosing hosts with metathesis (morphological scrambling) representing default 3rd singular person at the end of the verb,while at the same time tends to crossreference with a subject like what happens in a NOM-ACC alignment too. More fully, because of split alignment in Targhy, the head of T bears a sub-bundle of features namely ACL and VA. The former contains D category and ERG features in its feature geometry, whereas the latter lacks the two features in question and thus serves as more unmarked than its ACL counterpart. Therefore, as long as ERG-ABS alignment is a winner of the agreement computation, it is ACLs that are inserted thanks to their more specification over VAs. It is to be noted that VAs also are merged due to the subset principle and elsewhere as an unmarked option in NOMACC alignment. Also, the operations under discussion account for serial verb constructions in which there is no complementary distribution between ACLs, VAs as well as PCLs. Regarding the case system, in line with Legate (2017), Kalin and Atlamaz (2018), Atlamaz and Baker (2018), and Akkuş,(2019), we propose the locus of little v as a domain where ergative case is computed. In this view, following Haig (2008 & 2017) and Shafai and Dabirmoghaddam’, s (2019) proposal for other Iranian languages and dialects, we posit that, in Targhy, it is the stem that triggers ergative pattern and split alignment rather than tense or even aspect of the verb. Thus, along with Akkuş,(2019) –,in line with Chomsky (1993) in assuming a complex head as a licenser-we assume as long as ERG-ABS is going to be applied, following Ferná, ndez-Salgueiro (200b,2011) –,the computation of case assignment can occur after agreement takes place,if so, the chain is formed and this is exactly the time when ACL enters into derivation ending up on its host under metathesis (morphological scrambling). In NOM-ACC alignment, however, projecting the given chain is not required after all. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Although pieces of empirical and theoretical evidence have been examined, it still remains to find whether the analysis proposed here holds in much of the rest of the languages or dialects whose category has parity with Targhy. 4. CONCLUSIONS Overall, with regard to modular locus of case and agreement, we posit that the computation of these two operations in question seems to be initiated in syntax proper and then, under post-syntactic operations, finishes in the post-syntax domain as proposed by Arregi and Nevins (2012). Secondly, based on their proposal, the number of findings in Targhy suggests the more we are to the externalization stage and spell-out domain in post-syntax proper, the more language, dialect, or subdialect/ accent-specific variations are expected to take place.

The terms ‘language’, ‘dialect’, ‘accent’, and ‘variety’ are among the basic notions in linguistics. These notions are particularly important in the context of Iranian linguistics. In this article, I will show that there is a lot of disagreement on the use of them among the Iranian scholars. This discussion, I hope, will contribute to the clarification and specification of the terms and can lead to the creation of standardization and consensus in their use.

Dialects and accents exists in many languages and in addition to diversifying any kind of languages, they contain many concepts and even proximity to other languages. The main issue of this study is to find an appropriate match between several common linguistic terms in the area of dialects and accents between both Russian and Persian languages, based on the linguistic theories. To this end, it is attempted to characterize several dialects and accents between the two languages and, if is possible, to classify them and to compare them. The main purpose of the research, considering the necessity of understanding the concepts proposed in the form of terms for finding equivalents in the other language, Is to reveal these concepts in the form of each of the terms proposed by prominent linguists in each of these two languages in order to find the appropriate equivalence and then to establish a research plan in the field of dialectology. The method of research in section I was to check in detail the concepts of terms in the opinions of prominent linguists along with analyzing them, and systematic matching in another language and in section II, It was attempted to present features of dialects and accents. In the concluding section, after presenting appropriate definitions and equations, it will be clarified the importance of checking dialects and accents for closer understanding proximity of both of these languages, particularly in the fields like language teaching.

This study strives to investigate the importance of 'regional variation' in accepting and rejecting the words coined by the Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL). A total of 500 students from state universities in Tehran were chosen as prticipants provided with a questionnaire consisting of 50 APLL equivalents. As used in the media, 62% of the first 25 APLL words were accepted by the respondents; however, the second 25 equivalents, which were of zero frequency in the media, were accepted by 38% of the respondents. of 493 respondents, who returned the questionnaires, 60% were undergraduates, 30% were pursuing MA while 10% were working on their doctoral dissertation. Close to half the Undergraduates and Masters and only a little more than half of the PhD students have accepted the equivalents. The percentages of APLL word acceptance and rejection among Tehrani respondents and non-Tehrani respondents are 48% and 52%, respectively, showing that there is no significant relationship between the response of those living in Tehran or other cities/towns and the acceptance and rejection of the APLL words. Meanwhile, as for dialects/accents, there is no significant relation between using dialects (or accents) other than standard Persian and the acceptance and rejection of the APLL words either.

The Arab tribes inhabited throughout the Arabian Peninsula and had a sedentary life. Some of them were sedentary tribes while others were nomadic tribes seeking for water and food in the desert. Undoubtedly, the nomadic tribes who lived in the desert had their own way of pronouncing words, which were different from the way of sedentary tribes and had a great effect on the variety of Arabic accents and the characteristics of each one. Some pronunciations were included in the elements of the language of the tribe and in the lexical domain of the Holy Qur'an, and in a region the pronunciation of a word was with a letter which was other than the letter used in another region. In the framework of historical linguistics and in order to determine the role of culture and region in the phonemes of the Arabic language the goal of this study is to scrutinize the phonetic changes of Arabic language in the context of the Holy Qur'an according to Ibdā l which is a phonological process. Research methodology is descriptive. First, we peruse the Arab motives to pronounce a letter in a different way. Then by assessing the human geography and Arabic language Tajweed, we try to find the origin of the phenomenon of Ibdā l, and thereafter, examine the phonetic system of Arabic language vowels that have same place of pronunciation or common characteristics. Then, we will study the phenomenon with regard to the former and latter letter. By giving examples of Ibdā l, we will understand the role and contribution of the tribes in such processes.

Rhyme in Persian poetry, from the ancient to the constitutional period and in practice, until the last half century, is one of the key elements of Persian poetry. In the last half, too, although the rhyme does not seem to have its past visage and appearance; but it still appears in Persian literature and its role has not diminished. Researchers in rhyming have listed functions and patterns for rhyme. Most of these roles are mentioned in books and articles. One of the roles that this article addresses is the role that rhyme plays in showing the dialect and accent of poets. Also, great Persian poets and writers have their own dialects and dialects have incorporated these dialects into Persian poetry. Since we do not have that exact pronunciation and accent today, and the Persian script is incapable of recording vowels; in some cases, we do not notice their dialect and accent, because we measure them by their modern pronunciation. Therefore, rhyme plays a decisive role in recording the pronunciation of words. Therefore, placing words in rhyme is one of the ways through which the dialect and dialect of poets can be understood. This research aims to address the role that rhyme plays in showing the dialect and accent of prominent poets.

The aim of the present study was to examine one of the suprasegmental features called syllabic prominence in Isfahani accent. In order to achieve this goal, the effect of variables of base frequency, intensity and duration in creation of syllabic prominence has been investigated. In order to do this study, eighteen standard Persian words were selected in a way that all six simple vowels (three short vowels and three long vowels) were in the same consonant proximity in all three initial, middle and final positions of the words. Then these words have been pronounced twice,alone and again in the form of a carrier sentence by eleven native speakers of Isfahani who were in the age group of 40 to 50 years. The speakers' voices were recorded by a SONY Model X recorder and then audiologically fragmented in Pratt software, the values of each variable were extracted and statistically analyzed in SPSS software. The findings of this study showed that in the Isfahani accent, the place of base frequency in the words of two and three syllables was first syllable, the place of duration was last syllable, and the place of intensity was before the last syllable. Comparison between two levels of word and sentence showed that there was no significant difference in the variables of basic frequency and intensity, but the variable of duration was more at the level of word than the level of sentence.

Dialectology is one of the applied branches of linguistic knowledge which deals with scientific, linguistic, sociological and anthropological studies aiming to collect dialects. The local dialect is the main basis and structure of the existence of every nation and race,therefore, the study and the investigation to keep the Naini dialect alive, as part of the culture, tradition, and ritual of the city of Nain, is necessary and important. The research method is descriptive and the information is collected in a library and linguistic way. The data of the research has been collected from the collection of dictionaries, proverbs and edicts and from the people’, s dialect in the Nain city. The Naini dialect is one of the central dialects of Iran and a continuation of the "Midwestern Iranian" language,it has literary originality and an inseparable and fixed connection with the "Sassanid Pahlavi" language. Naini dialect is closely related to its neighbouring dialects such as Ardestani, Varzanei, Badroudi, Zafraei, Natanzi and Zoroastrians of Yazd Province. One of the results of this research is the regularity and organization of this language,So that words are not out of two cases: first, the words which have a special form in this dialect, and their roots must be extracted from the Avestan culture,and secondly, words which are derived from ordinary Persian words, and by changing the movements.